International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Studies

Promoting Writing Skills in French Classrooms: A Critical Analysis of6th-Grade Elementary School Textbooks in Morocco

Mohamed BOUFOUS — 2026-11-01

This article is set in a context where the written production skills of Moroccan sixth-grade students are considered weak, according to various national reports, notably those published by the Higher Council for Education, Training, and Scientific Research (2019). The textbook, a central resource in the teaching-learning process, plays a critical role in developing writing skills. This study, therefore, presents a comparative analysis of written production activities in three textbooks approved by the Ministry of National Education: *Mes apprentissages en français* (M.A.F.), *Le Français pratique* (F.P.), and *Parcours français* (P.f.). The methodology employed is based on a critical analysis of the types and nature of written production activities contained in these textbooks. Evaluation criteria include the diversity and progression of the proposed activities, as well as the distinction between comprehension and written production. The exercises were also examined in terms of their potential to develop textual coherence through sentence grammar and textual grammar. The results show that, although these textbooks incorporate written production activities, many of these exercises focus more on reading comprehension than on actual writing. Moreover, the emphasis on sentence grammar limits textual cohesion, hindering students’ development of fluent and coherent writing. This analysis concludes by urging textbook designers and educational engineers to review and enhance production activities, particularly by integrating textual grammar to better meet learners’ needs.

Keywords: writing skills; written production; textbook; French class.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1047

L1 Negative Transfer in Moroccan EFL Academic Writing: A Corpus-Based Analysis Study of ENS-M English Department

Eddimani Abdelfattah — 2026-11-01

L1 negative transfer has long been identified as a source of writing errors in EFL contexts, yet corpus-based investigations of this phenomenon at the Moroccan higher education level remain limited. In this regard, the study at hand investigates the frequency, typology, and cross-proficiency distribution of L1 transfer-based errors in the academic writing of student-teachers at ENS Marrakech, determining whether interlingual errors remain dominant as learners’ proficiency increases. It was not the purpose of this study to investigate the reasons behind the occurrence of such errors. Guided by Corder’s Error Analysis, a corpus-based research design was adopted. A localized learner corpus of approximately 27,800 words was compiled from 128 argumentative essays across semesters. Participant linguistic profiles were collected via the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q), and corpus errors were classified and analyzed using AntConc software. The analysis revealed 1,630 classified error instances including 914 interlingual errors and 716 intralingual errors. Article omission, preposition errors, and verb tense transfer were the most frequent interlingual subtypes, while spelling errors and wrong verb form selection were predominated among intralingual types. While absolute error frequency declined evidently from Semester 2 (n=854 instances) to Semester 6 (n=306 instances), the proportional ratio between interlingual and intralingual errors remained stable across all three levels, indicating that the proficiency gained reduces error output without restructuring its underlying sources. These findings confirm that L1 negative transfer is a persistent feature of Moroccan EFL writing. In view of this, the study recommends the use of corpus-informed contrastive instruction, discourse-level writing scaffolding, and the integration of concordance tools more systematically into EFL curricula in Moroccan higher education.

Keywords: L1 Negative Transfer, Learner Corpus, Error Analysis, Interlanguage, Scriptthesia, Moroccan EFL Writing

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1059

Women market gardeners and climate change in Kinshasa (DRC): Knowledge, attitudes and practices in the FUNA VALLEY

Geno BONGONGO MATIO — 2026-11-01

Urban market gardening supplies a large share of the leafy vegetables consumed in Kinshasa. It is practised mainly by women who farm in flood-prone valleys. Yet little is known about how these women understand and respond to climate change. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of women market gardeners regarding climate change in the Funa valley, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2025 among 206 randomly selected women (54% of the 384 registered market gardeners), using a structured closed-ended questionnaire; the data were analysed descriptively. Most respondents had heard of climate change (64.7%), had noticed that the climate had changed in recent years (60.6%), had personally experienced its effects (60.5%) and believed that it affects their farming (63.3%). Heavy rainfall (24.9%) and rising temperatures (22.4%) were the most frequently cited signs, and crop flooding was the most frequently cited effect on farming (32.7%). Only 42.8% attributed climate change to human activities alone or combined with natural causes, while 16.9% gave a supernatural explanation. A majority (61.5%) expressed a positive attitude, but one third (32.7%) could not express any attitude. Between 71.7% and 85.4% reported an adaptation strategy against each of the six climate hazards studied, most often based on traditional knowhow. Training was rare: 30.1% had attended training or awareness-raising on climate change and 12.6% agricultural training. Awareness of climate change is therefore widespread among these women, but it rests on lived experience rather than on formal information. Practical training programmes, adapted to women with little schooling and delivered through market gardeners’ associations, are needed to turn this awareness into planned adaptation.

Keywords: climate change, urban agriculture, women market gardeners, knowledge attitudes and practices (KAP), adaptation, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1058

Higher Education in the Face of the Congolese Intellectual Elite in Crisis: What’s the Point? An Analysis of the Issues and Prospects.

TSHIAFWILA KADIEBUE Josaphat — 2026-11-01

It is impossible to navigate the current world order without men and women capable of accurately interpreting our reality; thus, The purpose of this article was to analyze the challenges and prospects of Congolese university studies in the face of an intellectual elite in crisis. Through documentary research, we found that higher and university education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is not in crisis. It is on the verge of disappearing. The education provided in its institutes and faculties has fallen below the threshold required to qualify for a higher-level professional or scientific degree; this applies to students, faculty, and academic authorities alike. Normally, the interests of these three partners are not identical, and teaching activity stems from this divergence: students want to learn and succeed, while teachers deliver their courses but are compelled to evaluate and select students to maintain the quality of education. Thus, it is clear that we should replace oral instruction in classrooms with the use of appropriate written and visual teaching materials; rely on self-directed learning and guidance provided largely by fellow students; and organize the advanced track of scientific education into small units that are well-equipped with materials and into which students would enter based on “vocation” or scientific motivation.These units would operate alongside institutes and faculties that are autonomous in their management and recruitment; a national administrative body reporting to the Ministry of Higher Education and Universities should be created to manage the design, production, and distribution of new instructional materials and scientific equipment for these advanced units, as well as to organize university bookstores.

Keywords: university studies, intellectual elites

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1056

Local Languages and Access to Microcredit for Entrepreneurs in Kasai Province: An Empirical Study in the City of Tshikapa

Freddy Clever LUBALA KASUMBI — 2026-11-01

This study aims to empirically assess the role of local languages in accessing financial services offered by MFIs, specifically microloans. It seeks to determine the extent to which local languages help reduce poverty by facilitating access to financial services provided by MFIs. It also examines the conditions for accessing microloans for entrepreneurs in the city of Tshikapa. After analyzing the data using statistical methods, we found that language plays a very important role in accessing microloans. The results show that a very large majority of respondents recognize its importance. Indeed, 69 respondents (82.1%) agree, and 10 respondents (11.9%) strongly agree with the statement that language is a key factor in obtaining microloans and in the growth of SMEs. On the other hand, 4 respondents (4.8%) took a neutral position, while 1 respondent (1.2%) completely disagreed. These results highlight a consensus that proficiency in the language makes it easier to access microloans and promotes the development, improvement of production capacities, and growth of SME activities in the city of Tshikapa. In addition, the results show that 63.1% of entrepreneurs believe that local languages help eliminate barriers to accessing funding, 21% think that local languages provide a certain level of recognition, and 15.5% mention the simplification of loan acquisition procedures.

Key words: local languages and microcredit

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1055

Didactic design of the general nursing techniques course for first-year students et the higher institute of medical techniques LUMBASHI

MBAYA KABONGO Bijoux — 2026-11-01

Didactization in higher education in health sciences is a central requirement within the framework of pedagogical reforms across Sub-Saharan Africa. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the implementation of the Bachelor’s-Master’s-Doctorate (LMD) framework mandates a shift from traditional lecture-based methods toward an Integrated Competency-Based Approach (CBA). This study investigates the didactization process of the General Care Techniques course taught to first-year Bachelor’s (BAC 1) nursing students at the Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Lubumbashi (ISTM/Lubumbashi). Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, the study combined a quantitative survey of 218 BAC 1 students with in-depth semi-structured interviews of 14 clinical instructors and faculty members. Findings show that 64.2% of students encounter significant challenges in translating theoretical knowledge into practice and in technical execution during clinical practice. Didactic analysis indicates a structural disconnect between academic knowledge, teachable knowledge, and acquired competencies, exacerbated by equipment shortages in simulation laboratories and summative evaluations focused on rote memorization. To address these gaps, this article proposes a revised didactization framework based on four pillars: situational competency matrix engineering, clinical simulation workshops, reflective portfolio guidance, and Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE).

Key words: Didactization, General Care Techniques, BAC 1, ISTM Lubumbashi, Didactic Transposition, CompetencyBased Approach, Clinical Simulation, OSCE.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1054

Didactic analysis of the effectiveness of innovative teaching methods in the acquisition of medical vocabulary at MALEMBA NKULU UNIVERSITY.

NGOY NSHIMBI Johnely — 2026-11-01

This study presents a pedagogical analysis of innovative approaches to mastering medical language within the Faculty of Health Sciences at Malemba Nkulu University. Conducted with a representative sample of 180 students, the study combines a perceptual assessment with an objective skills test. While 75% of participants expressed a positive perception of the didactic innovations, summative assessments revealed objective underperformance, with 70% of students demonstrating a low or moderate level of knowledge.The main obstacles identified include the morphological complexity of medical vocabulary (70%), cognitive overload from memorization (65%), and large class sizes (55%). Multivariate analysis shows that regular access to digital tools (ORaj = 3.42; p = 0.001), individual motivational engagement (ORaj = 2.89; p = 0.005), and the etymological breakdown of terms (ORaj = 2.15; p = 0.029) are the major determinants of terminology mastery. The study recommends a pedagogical realignment combining explicit instruction, interactive materials, and repeated formative assessments.

Keywords: medical pedagogy; specialized vocabulary; pedagogical innovations; digital resources; active learning; Malemba Nkulu University

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1053

Evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative didactic approaches in learning medical terminology among students of the faculty of health sciences at MALEMBA NKULU UNIVERSITY.

NGOY NSHIMBI Johnely — 2026-11-01

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of innovative teaching approaches in learning medical terminology among students at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Malemba Nkulu. A total of 180 students participated. The findings showed that 75% of participants rated the effectiveness of these approaches as good or very good. However, the objective knowledge test indicated that 70% of students had low or moderate knowledge levels, while 30% had good or very good levels. The most frequently reported difficulties were the complexity of medical terms (70%), difficulties with memorization (65%), and large class sizes (55%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between frequent use of digital resources and knowledge level (p < 0.001), as well as between the breakdown of medical terms and knowledge level (p = 0.012). In multivariate analysis, regular use of digital resources (adjusted OR = 3.42; p = 0.001), personal motivation (adjusted OR = 2.89; p = 0.005), and active decomposition of medical terms (adjusted OR = 2.15; p = 0.029) were associated with good or very good knowledge levels.

Keywords: medical terminology; innovative teaching approaches; learning; digital resources; motivation; health sciences students.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1051

Accounting practices and access to financing for small businesses in rural areas: Challenges and Prospects in the Idiofa Territory

Nswe Yuka-G. Baling's Narrow — 2026-11-01

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in the economic and social development of rural areas in the Democratic Republic of Congo, particularly in the Idiofa territory. They create jobs, generate income, and stimulate local economic activity. However, their growth and sustainability continue to be hampered by several challenges, including the lack of formalized accounting practices and limited access to appropriate financing. This study examines the accounting and financial practices of rural SMEs in Idiofa, as well as their effects on management, economic performance, and access to formal and informal financing.Based on a qualitative approach involving literature review and field observations, it focuses on accounting methods, preferred sources of financing, and the relationships between SMEs and financial institutions. The results show that bookkeeping depends more on internal factors such as organizational rigor, the regularity of recordkeeping, and managers’ ability to understand the data than on structural factors such as legal status or taxation. Accounting thus plays a key intermediary role: SMEs that keep their personal finances separate from those of the business and have reliable data are more likely to obtain credit. The main challenges, however, remain internal. They stem from a lack of training in accounting and financial management, insufficient appropriate resources, and a perception of accounting as a burden rather than a tool for improving performance. The study recommends implementing simplified accounting systems tailored to rural settings, strengthening entrepreneurs’ skills, and creating financial support mechanisms specific to SMEs. These measures would promote better business management and sustainable local economic development in the Idiofa region.

Keywords: Accounting, Finance, SMEs, Rural Idiofa, Local development

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1050

Analysis of the curricular integration of environmental education in the first year of LMD system within medical training institutions in the city of (KONGO CENTRAL, DRC)

Madeleine NSAMU MATOMINA — 2026-11-01

The implementation of the Bachelor’s-Master’s-Doctorate (LMD) system in the DRC aims to professionalize university curricula through the Competency-Based Approach (CBA). However, the role of eco-health determinants in the foundational curriculum remains poorly documented. Objective: To analyze the institutional structure and the degree of pedagogical alignment in environmental health education during the first year of the LMD program at paramedical institutions in the port city of Boma.Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study (quantitative-qualitative) was conducted during the 2025–2026 academic year with 218 participants (final-year/first-year students and faculty) and 12 academic administrators at three institutions in Boma. A literature review of syllabi, bivariate tests (Chi-square), and multivariate binary logistic regression were combined with thematic content analysis (NVivo v14). Results: The verage number of hours allocated to environmental health is 22.4 ± 4.8 hours (representing 1.8% of the total course load for the first year). There is a significant disparity between programs (30 hours in Public Health vs. 15 hours in Nursing, p < 0.001). Only 14.2% of students demonstrate a high level of operational mastery of local eco-health risks. The multivariate model demonstrates that engaging in practical field activities (ORa = 4.21; 95% CI [2.10–8.45]; p < 0.001) and the constructive alignment of assessments with the APC (ORa = 2.85; 95% CI [1.34–6.07]; p = 0.006) significantly predict conceptual and practical mastery. Discussion & Conclusion: Environmental health remains marginalized and taught primarily through theoretical lectures, creating a significant disconnect from the eco-health vulnerabilities of the coastal and port area of Boma. A curriculum revision incorporating hands-on eco-health field placements is essential.

Key words: Environmental Health, Curricular Integration, LMD System, Competency-Based Approach, Boma, DRC.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1049

Cognitive Science in Educational Design: Challenges and Prospects for the Development of Transversal Skills

Mohammed LAHLOU — 2026-11-01

This article examines the effect of a pedagogical approach grounded in cognitive science on the development of transferable skills among students. Drawing on a literature review, it highlights the main cognitive mechanisms involved in learning including attention, memory, executive functions, and metacognition and their role in the acquisition of complex skills such as critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving. The study emphasizes that integrating principles from cognitive science such as cognitive load management, active learning, and consideration of emotional dimensions enables the design of instructional approaches that are more effective and better tailored to learners’ needs. From this perspective, instructional design emerges as a key lever for operationalizing these theoretical insights and fostering deep cognitive engagement.

The findings of this analysis, however, reveal a gap between theoretical advances and current instructional practices, where transferable skills are often addressed implicitly and in an unstructured manner. This research therefore proposes rethinking the design of learning environments within an integrated framework that combines cognitive science and instructional design, in order to explicitly support the development of behavioral skills.

Keywords: Cognitive sciences; Instructional design; Transversal skills; Higher education

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1048

Marketing strategies and the development of competitive positioning for telecommunications companies in KOLWEZI: A comparative analysis of Vodacom and airtel

Marlène MWANZA KAYEMBE — 2026-11-01

This study focuses on the marketing strategies and the development of competitive positioning among telecommunications companies in Kolwezi, DRC, through a comparative analysis of Vodacom and Airtel. It aims to understand how marketing practices contribute to brand visibility, brand differentiation, and consumers’ perception of brand positioning. The research is based on a systemic and comparative approach, utilizing interviews, direct observation, literature review, and a quantitative survey conducted among 100 subscribers and 20 employees from both companies. The analysis focuses on three main dimensions: the components of competitive positioning, promotional practices, and the orientation of marketing services.

The results reveal that both operators use similar marketing tools, including media advertising, sales promotions, and customer relationship management systems. However, their strategic orientations differ. Vodacom stands out for the emphasis it places on brand visibility, event-based communication, and relationships with its target audiences.

This orientation is accompanied by a favorable perception of its leadership, as 94% of respondents consider the company a leader, compared to 78% for Airtel.

For its part, Airtel places greater emphasis on product knowledge and the use of the Internet as an information channel. Furthermore, the two operators show convergence in their promotional practices, with 70% of respondents from each network reporting that they had purchased a phone at a promotional price.

The study thus shows that competitive positioning does not depend solely on the variety of marketing tools employed, but above all on their combination, consistency, and strategic focus. It also highlights the importance of customer experience, brand recognition, and visibility in differentiating telecommunications companies. Ultimately, the coordination of marketing initiatives is an essential factor in building a distinctive competitive positioning in the Kolwezi market.

Key words: Marketing strategies; competitive positioning; telecommunications; marketing communication; brand differentiation.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1036

Compliance with Biomedical Waste Sorting Practices and Associated Factors in Hospitals in the Lubao Territory, Lomami Province, DRC: An Analytical CrossSectional Study

Alexandre Munkindji Kabemba — 2026-11-01

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, rural hospitals generate significant amounts of biomedical waste, yet scientific data on its management remain scarce. However, methods for managing healthcare waste can pose risks of nosocomial infections to humans and environmental pollution if the various stages of the management process are not carried out correctly.

The objective of this study is to assess the level of compliance with current standards regarding biomedical waste sorting practices in hospitals in the Lubao territory (Lomami Province). A cross-sectional analytical study using a mixedmethods approach (quantitative and qualitative) was conducted in six hospitals. Data were collected through direct observation, questionnaires administered to healthcare staff, and semi-structured interviews with hygiene managers. The data collected reveals generally insufficient compliance with sorting practices. Reported compliance rates ranged from 55% in Tshofa to 40% in Lubao and 25% in Kamana, with an estimated overall average of around 40%. Staff training also showed significant disparities: nearly 79.5% of staff received training in Tshofa, compared to 57.5% in Lubao and 40% in Kamana. However, the case of Tshofa demonstrates that a high level of training and better availability of equipment do not automatically guarantee satisfactory compliance.

Key words: Biomedical waste; waste segregation; healthcare facilities; compliance; staff training; Lubao, Democratic Republic of Congo.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1046

Education 4.0 and national talent development: A conceptual synthesis of purposes, provision and evidence

CHBANI Yasmine — 2026-11-01

Education 4.0 is discussed as a means of preparing people for changing economic and social conditions, but its contribution to national talent development requires clarification. This conceptual article examines the contribution through the relationship between educational purposes, developmental provision and supporting evidence. Using a theory synthesis approach, it brings together purposively selected Education 4.0 frameworks, accounts of talent development and scholarship on educational purposes. Economic relevance, societal responsiveness, and individuals’ opportunities and agency provide perspectives for examining the same educational arrangement. University-industry curriculum collaboration illustrates the analysis. Selected Moroccan policy documents and research provide a contextual illustration rather than a policy evaluation. The synthesis distinguishes evidence of competency gains from judgments about whose needs provision serves, about learners’ participation and about outstanding attainment within a domain. It also examines how institutional opportunities connect to accessible support across developmental stages. Evidence supporting one of these judgments may leave others unresolved. The article offers an analytical framework for examining claims about Education 4.0 and national talent development while keeping recommendations, empirical findings and interpretations distinct. Its scope is bounded by the purposive corpus and the different contexts of the sources. The article does not establish causal effects or validate a national model.

Key words: Education 4.0; national talent development; educational purposes; conceptual synthesis; Morocco.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1045

Design and configuration of a computerized maintenance management system for improving the availability performance of the national ICT broadband backbone: A case of the DAR ES SALAAM–KIMANZICHANA ROUTE, TANZANIA

Godfrey Nyarwango — 2026-11-01

The Dar es Salaam–Kimanzichana route of Tanzania's National ICT Broadband Backbone (NICTBB) has repeatedly fallen short of the 99.999% availability target, with monthly values as low as 73.29% (December 2023) and 86.454% (March 2026). This study identifies the factors behind the shortfalls, examines how logged outage causes relate to monthly availability, and configures a Computerised Maintenance Management System (CMMS) for the route. A mixed-methods design combined a questionnaire given to all 50-route staff (43 returned, 86.0%), 41 months of Tanzania Telecommunications Corporation Limited (TTCL) records and optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) tests on 40 of 48 fibre cores. Staff perceptions were ranked with the Relative Importance Index (RII), and fibre cuts ranked highest among the technical factors (RII = 0.916). In a regression on 33 months, logged fibre-cut and power-outage hours explained 96.1% of the variation in availability, at about 0.25 points per hour. A model with these two terms predicted eight unseen months with a mean absolute error of 0.24 points. Because both predictors are downtime hours, this result reflects how availability is recorded as much as it explains it. The poweroutage estimate rests for one month, and the configurationresolution effect, which rests for two months, did not hold up and is not used. A CMMS was configured on the Fiix platform with work-order, scheduling, asset, inventory, notification and reporting functions. Network Management System integration and OTDR fault location are planned, and the system has not yet been tested in live use. We recommend completing the integration, backing up power at the nodes, protecting the route and recording outage causes in more detail.

Key words: National ICT Broadband Backbone, Computerised Maintenance Management System, Availability Performance, Fibre Cuts, Multiple Linear Regression, TTCL.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1044

Analysis of Socioeconomic Issues and Fire Dynamics in the Bonama Protected Forest (Lola, Guinea)

Alphonse SAGNO — 2026-11-01

The Bonama Protected Forest (7,580 hectares) is located in the Forested Region of Guinea. Despite its protected status, it faces anthropogenic pressures. This study analyzes the socioeconomic issues related to its management and the spatiotemporal trends in burned areas between 2023 and 2025. The methodology combines socioeconomic surveys and geospatial analyses. Semi structured interviews were conducted with 332 individuals (residents and government forestry officials). The interviews focused on forest use and the perceived causes of wildfires. The burned areas during the 2023–2024 and 2024–2025 dry seasons were mapped using Sentinel-2 imagery, with the normalized differential burn index (ΔNBR). The accuracy of the maps was assessed using confusion matrices, which provide the overall accuracy and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. The demarcation of the forest in 2013 reportedly led to the displacement of approximately 110 Indigenous families without compensation. However, 81.63% of respondents acknowledge the importance of this forest. Of the 556 activities cited as being carried out in the forest, 42.99% relate to cattle ranching. Local populations use 88 plant species, including 45 medicinal, 35 edible, and 8 dual-purpose species. In 20232024, fires affected 96.88% of the forest’s area. In 2024–2025, they affected 93.22%. Moderate and high severity classes predominate. The maps achieve overall accuracies of 91.7% and 93.3%, with Kappa coefficients of 0.89 and 0.92. In 92.37% of responses, livestock farmers were identified as responsible for the fires. This perception alone does not prove a causal link. The authors recommend integrated and tailored management of the Bonama Protected Forest. This recommendation also applies to other protected forests subject to comparable anthropogenic pressures.

Key words: protected forest; bushfires; Sentinel 2; participatory management; Guinea.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1043

Between Institutional Conservation and Peasant Strategies: Local Practices for Managing Human-Wildlife Conflicts Around Comoé National Park

Dokafolo Brahima SEKONGO — 2026-11-01

Around Comoé National Park, wildlife incursions into agricultural lands create tension between institutional conservation goals and the preservation of livelihoods for local communities. This study analyzes local practices for managing human-wildlife conflicts and how they relate to institutional mechanisms for biodiversity protection. It is based on a qualitative and comprehensive approach, conducted with 45 participants selected through purposive sampling in nine villages in the Bouna, Nassian, and Dabakala sectors.The data collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and literature review, were subjected to thematic content analysis and triangulation The results reveal a variety of farmer strategies involving field surveillance, scarecrows, sound devices, used mosquito nets, and smoke, as well as trapping and killing animals. These practices reflect trade-offs between crop protection, food security, and compliance with hunting bans. Their effectiveness remains limited by the persistence of incursions. According to respondents, inadequate institutional responses, the absence of compensation, and a lack of training undermine reporting efforts and cooperation with park managers. Village conservation and development associations, however, provide forums for collaboration on monitoring and combating poaching. The study highlights the need for a collaborative management approach that combines recognition of farmers’ traditional knowledge, technical support, and consideration of agricultural damage, to reconcile wildlife conservation with the security of livelihoods.

Key words: Human-wildlife conflicts; farmer strategies; institutional conservation; local governance; Comoé National Park.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1042

The remote trial: challenges and perspectives in Morocco

Dr. Mohammed Kharbouchi — 2026-11-01

The invasion of technology into the world of justice compels judicial clerks to keep pace with this evolution. However, this new guest is not welcomed by all; some see it as a hindrance to a fair trial and its guarantees. Hence, the remote trial seems inevitable, and it is necessary to cope with digital devices and new procedures. To reveal the truth of this topic, we resort directly to judicial clerks to ask them about this new experience that they have lived during the COVID-19 era, and how they have faced it as a measure of reducing contact between people. To do so, we suggested a survey to be completed by 35 judicial interveners (judges, lawyers, attorneys, etc.). The results were ambivalent between supporters of the new procedure and those attached to the traditional method. Some are demanding the preservation of criminal justice requirements, in particular the principle of adversarial proceedings and the effective presence of the guilty person before the magistrates, as well as practical constraints. While others opt for the change of mentality to keep pace with global technological evolution and benefit from its advantages, in particular, the speed of the procedure and the reduction of trial time.

Key words: remote trial, criminal justice, reasonable deadline, rights of individuals, efficiency

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1041

Integrating Soft Skills into Secondary Education: Toward an Analytical Framework Linking Pedagogical Approaches, Stakeholders, and Educational Practices.

Meryem DERKAOUI — 2026-11-01

The integration of soft skills into secondary education remains understudied, and existing research most often isolates a single method, actor, or system without specifying the conditions under which they produce a lasting effect. This theoretical article proposes an analytical framework as a precursor to a conceptual model still under development. Based on a narrative review drawing on social constructivism, experiential learning, and self-efficacy, it articulates three dimensions: pedagogical approaches (the “how”), actors (the “who”), and systems (the “where” and “when”). It argues that integration depends on coherence among these dimensions and highlights its emotional and relational aspects: emotional intelligence, teachers’ socio-emotional competence, and a climate of trust. The quality of teaching is identified as an expected but unmeasured outcome.The article distinguishes between the related concepts of soft skills, quality of teaching, pedagogical quality, the teacherstudent relationship, and academic success; it explains the process of developing the framework and clarifies its contributions and limitations. Three theoretical propositions are derived from this framework, to be tested in Moroccan private high schools during a subsequent field study.

Key words: soft skills; secondary education; pedagogical approaches; educational stakeholders; systems; analytical framework.

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1040

Memory Function in Substance Use Disorders: A Comparative Neuropsychological Study at the Psychiatry Department of Hassan II University Hospital in Fez

Assia REZZOUK — 2026-11-01

The study of memory functions in individuals with addictive behaviors is a clinical priority for cognitive assessment and the adaptation of care. Objective: To compare episodic memory and working memory performance between patients receiving addiction treatment and controls, and to examine their association with scores on the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study conducted at the Fez Addiction Treatment Center involving 100 men, divided into 50 patients and 50 controls. Participants were assessed using a two-story recall task and direct and reverse digit span tests; the DUDIT was administered to the clinical group. Analyses included between-group comparisons, effect sizes, correlations, and analyses adjusted for age and educational level. Results: The mean episodic memory score was 22.46 ± 5.32/60 among patients, compared with 42.54 ± 6.63/60 among controls; the alternative working memory score was 8.04 ± 0.92/16 versus 12.66 ± 1.65/16 (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). The differences persisted after adjustment. No, statistically significant correlation was found between the DUDIT and cognitive scores in the clinical group. Conclusion: In this male clinical sample characterized by frequent poly-substance use, performance on memory tests was lower than that of the control group. The cross-sectional nature of the study and the lack of control for several confounding factors preclude any causal interpretation

Key words: addictive behaviors, neuropsychological assessment, working memory, episodic memory

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1039

Expressed Emotions and Vulnerability to Relapse in Schizophrenia: The Role of Family Representations

Badr El Marjany — 2026-11-01

These Expressed emotions (EE), which primarily refer to criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement, constitute a relational indicator associated with the course of schizophrenia. This narrative review examines meta-analyses regarding their prognostic value, the outcomes of family interventions, and the scope of illness representations in various sociocultural contexts, with a particular focus on Morocco. The meta-analysis by Ma et al. (2021), based on 33 prospective cohorts and 2,284 participants, reports a stronger association with relapses occurring within the first twelve months (OR = 4.87; 95% CI: 3.22–7.36) than with subsequent relapses (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.36–3.35). Cross-cultural studies suggest the need to interpret expressions of closeness, criticism, and warmth in light of local relational norms. In Morocco, studies conducted in Casablanca and Fez document stigma, etiological beliefs, and expressed emotions, but do not allow for inferring a longitudinal risk of relapse at the national level. The data supports a transactional, non-blaming approach to family relationships, incorporating support for family members, psychoeducation, and a contextualized assessment of needs. Multicenter cohorts and studies on the adaptation of assessment tools are needed.

Key words: expressed emotions, family, relapses, illness conceptions, schizophreni

Received Date: September 17, 2026

Accepted Date: October 09, 2026

Published Date: November 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1038