Factors associated with bedwetting in children aged 5 to 10: a study conducted in the Bongondjo neighbourhood, Wangata district, Mbandaka, DRC

Abstract

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis in children is a taboo and under-reported public health issue in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In the deprived neighbourhood of Bongondjo in Mbandaka, it causes silent distress and profoundly affects young people’s self-esteem.

Overall objective: To determine the biological, environmental and psychosocial factors associated with enuresis in children aged 5 to 10 years in this area.

Methodology: This quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study with an analytical focus was conducted from March to May 2026. It compared a sample of 194 participants, comprising 86 cases and 108 controls. The data collected via questionnaires were subjected to bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression.

Key findings: The overall prevalence stands at 44.3%. The multivariate analysis identifies five critical determinants: heredity as a major predictor (OR = 4.21), lack of indoor toilets (OR = 3.12), recent psychosocial stress (OR = 2.98), urinary tract infections (OR = 2.56) and economic insecurity (OR = 2.10).

Discussion: The results confirm the multifactorial aetiology of the disorder, in which biological predisposition is exacerbated by environmental barriers and anxiety linked to poverty, consistent with the international literature in tropical settings.

Conclusion: Enuresis in Wangata requires a multidimensional nursing approach. Clinical management must combine the treatment of urinary tract infections with emotional support and community awareness-raising to put an end to parental punishment.

Keywords: Associated factor, Enuresis, Child.

Received Date: February 22, 2026

Accepted Date: March 14, 2026

Published Date: April 02, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/686