Artificial intelligence and optimization of the vaccine supply chain in Morocco: economic efficiency, territorial equity, and health system resilience

Abstract

Vaccination programmes depend on supply chains that forecast needs, preserve product quality, avoid stockouts, and deliver doses on time. This structured narrative review examines documented uses of artificial intelligence and digital technologies in vaccine supply chains and proposes a framework for Morocco. Ten PubMed searches (January 2023–September 2026) yielded 774 records and 579 unique PMIDs; two-stage screening retained 71 core and 63 contextual references. The evidence is uneven: registries and logistics information systems have field evaluations, whereas AI-based forecasting, cold-chain anomaly detection, and predictive maintenance rest mainly on retrospective or simulated validation, and no field evaluation of AI-based geospatial prioritization was found. We propose a four-layer conceptual framework (data, interoperability and governance, analytics, human decision) with explicit equity constraints, and a phased roadmap that compares AI with digitization alone before any scale-up. The framework has not yet been validated in Morocco.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; vaccine supply chain; cold chain; territorial equity; Morocco.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1003