Teaching life and earth sciences in the digital age in rural areas of central Kongo (DRC): challenges, constraints and prospects in the Boma Bungu sector, Muanda territory

Abstract

The integration of digital technology into the teaching of Life and Earth Sciences (SVT) promises to make phenomena that are difficult to observe visible, to diversify resources and to support inquiry-based learning. In rural Congo, however, these possibilities are hampered by fragile infrastructure, scarce equipment and unevenly developed professional skills. This study examines the uses, constraints and prospects of digital technology in ten secondary schools in the Boma-Bungu sector, Muanda territory, during the 2025–2026 academic year. A mixed-methods design combines a questionnaire administered to 36 biology teachers, an observation of equipment, ten individual interviews and two focus groups involving twelve pupils. The results show that 83.3 per cent of teachers own a smartphone, but only 16.7 per cent have access to a school computer and 38.9 per cent report regular educational use of digital technology. The main barriers are access to electricity (83.3 per cent), the cost of data (77.8 per cent), a lack of equipment (75.0 per cent) and insufficient training (66.7 per cent). Previous digital training is associated with regular use (χ²(1) = 8.35; p = .004; Cramer’s V = .48). Qualitative data reveal that digital technology is mainly used in preparation for lessons, whilst simulations, offline videos and group screenings remain marginal. The article advocates a realistic approach: targeted solar power, shared equipment, offline resources aligned with the curriculum, contextualised teaching training and a local maintenance system. Digital technology can thus enhance observation, modelling and environmental education without replacing accessible hands-on activities or the course’s connection to the local context of Boma Bungu.

Keywords: teaching of life and earth sciences; digital education; rural areas; teacher training; Boma Bungu; Kongo Central.

Received Date: August 17, 2026

Accepted Date: September 09, 2026

Published Date: October 01, 2026

Available Online at: https://www.ijsrisjournal.com/index.php/ojsfiles/article/view/1023